• 33 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
• 527 - Justinian I becomes the only ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
• 607 - Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607).
• 902 - Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army.
• 1203 - Isaac II Angelus, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexius IV Angelus co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Ciaran Fourth Crusade.
• 1291 - The Swiss Confederation is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter.
• 1461 - Edward IV is crowned king of England.
• 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella drive the Jews out of Spain.
• 1498 - Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit Venezuela.
• 1619 - First African slaves arrive in Jamestown, Virginia.
• 1664 - The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.
• 1774 - The element oxygen is discovered for the third (and last) time.
• 1798 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay) - Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.
• 1800 - The Act of Union 1800 is passed in which merges the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1820 - London's Regent's Canal opens.
• 1828 - Bolton and Leigh Railway opens to freight traffic.
• 1831 - A new London Bridge opens.
• 1832 - The Black Hawk War ends.
• 1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire.
• 1838 - Slaves in Trinidad and Tobago are emancipated.
• 1842 - Lombard Street Riot erupts
• 1876 - Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.
• 1894 - The First Sino-Japanese War erupts between Japan and China over Korea.
• 1902 - The United States buys the rights to the Panama Canal from France.
• 1907 - First Scout camp opens on Brownsea Island.
• 1914 - Germany declares war on Russia at the opening of World War I. The Swiss Army mobilises because of World War I
• 1927 - The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army.
• 1936 - Olympic Games: Summer Olympic Games - The Games of the XI Olympiad open in Berlin.
• 1937 - Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.
• 1941 - The first Jeep is produced.
• 1944 - Anne Frank makes the last entry in her diary.
• 1944 - Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland.
• 1948 - The U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations is founded.
• 1957 - The United States and Canada form the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD).
• 1960 - Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France.
• 1960 - Communist Party of Independence and Work is banned in Senegal.
• 1960 - Islamabad declared as the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan.
• 1964 - The Belgian Congo is renamed the Republic of the Congo.
• 1965 - Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands announces her engagement to Claus von Amsberg.
• 1966 - Charles Whitman kills 15 people at The University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police.
• 1966 - Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official People's Republic of China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
• 1967 - Israel annexes East Jerusalem.
• 1968 - The coronation is held of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei.
• 1970 - Powder Ridge Rock Festival.
• 1971 - Concert for Bangladesh.
• 1975 - CSCE Final Act creates the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
• 1977 - Frank H.T. Rhodes is elected President of Cornell University, a post he'd hold for 18 years.
• 1977 - Former Lockheed U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers crashes the news helicopter he was flying in Los Angeles
• 1980 - Buttevant Rail Disaster kills 18 and injures dozens of train passengers in Ireland.
• 1981 - MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed The Radio Star" by the Buggles.
• 1996 - Michael Johnson breaks the 200m world record by 0.30 seconds with a time of 19.32 seconds at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.
• 2001 - An agreement is reached on the position of the minority Albanian language in the Republic of Macedonia.
• 2001 - Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Malta, Slovenia and Slovakia join the European Environment Agency.
• 2001 - Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore has a Ten Commandments monument installed in the judiciary building, leading to a lawsuit to have it removed and his own removal from office.
• 2004 - A supermarket fire kills 396 people and injures 500 in Asunción, Paraguay.
• 2005 - German spelling reform of 1996 is formally implemented.
• 2007 - The I-35W Mississippi River Bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapsed during the evening rush hour.

Births